摘要:幸福研究是當今學(xué)術(shù)界深入探討的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,其研究范疇主要涉及基礎理論(包括內涵界定、本質(zhì)屬性、結構要素、元理論學(xué)說(shuō))和專(zhuān)題研究(包括幸福感、幸福觀(guān)、幸福指數、國民幸福、民生幸福、幸福悖論、幸福問(wèn)題、幸福歸因、幸福路徑)兩大部分,并呈現出一定的現實(shí)性、多元性和實(shí)證性特點(diǎn)。但對于幸福因素的作用機理、幸福構成的特殊差異和幸福研究的實(shí)踐創(chuàng )新尚需深入探討,同時(shí)也為幸福研究的理論創(chuàng )新、方法突破和實(shí)踐深化留下了深入研究的發(fā)展空間。借鑒國外成熟的研究成果,結合中國實(shí)際,建立中國特色的幸福評價(jià)指標體系,形成中國化、本土化、特色化的幸福學(xué)理論體系,是中國特色幸福學(xué)研究創(chuàng )新發(fā)展的努力方向和根本任務(wù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:幸福學(xué);幸福問(wèn)題;幸福指數;幸福悖論;幸福評價(jià)
中圖分類(lèi)號:B821;C913 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1671-1254(2014)02-0026-09
An Overview on Happiness Theory
CAI Chun-ling
(Faculty of Social Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China)
Abstract:Happiness research is a hot issue being discussed in depth in academia nowadays. Its research category mainly involves basic theory research and special subject research. The former mainly includes the definition of connotation, essential attributes, structure elements, meta-theory doctrine, and the latter covers happiness feeling, happiness view, happiness index, national happiness, happiness of people’s livelihood, happiness paradox, happiness problem, attribution of the happiness problem, path to realize happiness. They both present sort of reality, diversity and empirical features about the happiness research, and yet what needs to be probed deeply and further are the mechanism of the happiness factors, the special differences of the happiness constitution, and the innovative practice of the happiness research. And at the same time, more developmental room has been left for the theoretical innovation, methodological breakthroughs and practical application of the happiness research. It is the striving orientation and the fundamental mission of the innovation of the eudemonics research with Chinese characteristics to set up the evaluation index system of happiness with Chinese characteristics and form the theory system of the eudemonics of chinization, localization, characterization by drawing lessons from the foreign research results and taking into consideration of China’s realities.
Keywords:eudemonics; happiness problems; happiness index; happiness paradox; happiness evaluation
隨著(zhù)經(jīng)濟社會(huì )的發(fā)展,幸福研究已成為當今學(xué)術(shù)界深入探討的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn),以至于“幸福學(xué)”呼之欲出。其中,既有基礎理論研究的推陳出新,亦有專(zhuān)題研究的深化發(fā)展。整理總結幸福理論研究的進(jìn)展情況,對于助推幸福研究的革新發(fā)展大有裨益。
一、幸?;A理論研究
(一)幸福的內涵界定
1幸福的語(yǔ)義內涵。對幸福內涵的界定是幸福元理論研究必須回答的基本問(wèn)題。鄧先奇認為,在西方語(yǔ)境中,幸福(英語(yǔ)用Happiness表示)意味著(zhù)愉快、滿(mǎn)意、滿(mǎn)足等;在中國語(yǔ)境中,幸福是“幸”與“?!钡募?,其中“幸”的涵義包括幸運、幸福、高興、希望等,而“?!眲t與“禍”相對,代表著(zhù)福利、幸福和利益[1]61。為此,《現代漢語(yǔ)詞典》將“幸?!倍x為:使人心情舒暢的境遇和生活;(生活、境遇)稱(chēng)心如意?!掇o?!穭t將“幸?!倍x為在為理想奮斗過(guò)程中以及理想實(shí)現時(shí)感到滿(mǎn)足的狀況和體驗。