篇一：北京故宮博物館英文導游詞
北京故宮博物館英文導游詞
Hello, everyone,
We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.
The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.
A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.
The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . It has 9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.
The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while
arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved manpower and resources across China. For example, the bricks laid in the halls ,known as “gold brick, ” underwent complex, two –dozen processes. As the final touch ,the fired bricks were dipped in Chinese wood oil. Involving complicated processes and high cost, these brick are called “golden bricks.” The Palace Museum serves as a living embodiment of good tradition and styles unique to China` s ancient architecture. It reflects to the full the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese working people. A carefully preserved and complete group of royal residences, the Palace Museum is a prominent historical and tourist site. What we are now approaching is the main entrance to the Palace Museum-the Meridian Gate, which is characterized by red walls, yellow glazed –tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this walls, yellow glazed-tile roofs and upturned eaves. On top of this magnificent building ,there stand five lofty halls with a main hall in the center. The main hall is roofed by multiple eaves and covers a space of 9 room-units. It is flanked by two wings on each side .The wings are square in shape ,complete with multiple and four edged eaves and pinnacles. All of these structures are connected by a colonnade. Because these halls resemble a soaring bird, it was also know as wufenglou (Five-phoenix Tower) . Inside the main hall there is a throne. Drums and bells were stored in the wings. Whenever the emperor presided over grand ceremonies or observed rites in the Hall of Upreme Harmony, drums, bells and gongs would be struck to mark the occasion.
As the legend goes, the Meridian Gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. This not true. However, flogging was carried out here by the Ming emperors ,If a courtier falls afoul of the emperor, he would be stripped of his court dress and flogging with a stick .At one point the punishment became so harsh that a total of 11 people died from fatal wound on a single occasion .On the other hand, this building was also used to observe important occasions like the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month). On these occasions, Chinese lanterns would be hanged and sumptuous banquets would be given in honour of the whole court of ministers and other ranking officials.
Upon entering the Meridian Gate we began our tour of the Palace Museum. The river foowing in front of us is known as Jin Shui He (Golden Water River) and the five marbles bridges spanning it are known as the Inner Golden Water Bridges. The on in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs. The bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members. The rest were used by palatines. Aside from decoration, the golden Water River was also dug as precaution against fire. Most of
the structures within the palace Museum are made of wood. What is more ,according to ancient Chinese cosmology, the South is the abode of fire, so this brook was dug on the southern tip of the Palace. In this way, the Palace Museum reflects traditional Chinese culture.
This building is called the Gate of Supreme Harmony .In the foreground stand two bronze lions. Can anybody tell which is male and which is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female? The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession. A layout of the Palace Museum is posted by the entrance . From it ,you can see that the Palace Museum has two main parts: the forecourt and the inner court. The three main halls constitute the mainstay of the forecourt, and it was here that the emperor announced decisions and observed rites. Behind the forecourt there is the inner court, consisting of major halls and the Imperial Garden .It was where the emperor attended state affairs, lived and enjoyed his luxurious life. The exhibition system of the Palace Museum involves historical court relics and articles of ancient art and culture. The Palace Museum houses nearly one million articles of rare treasure, or one sixth of the total number in all of China `s museums. There are the three main halls of the Palace museum, built on a triple marble terrace . Since most of China `s architecture is made of wood, the buildings cannot be too tall. To gain the height of the architecture, ingenious ancient artisans built the hall on a gigantic stone terrace .It is also to this end that not a single plant was grown in the square. On stairways of triple marble terrace there are 18 bronze tripods .The verandah is flanked by bronze tortoises and cranes, which served as symbols of longevity .On the east is a sundial, an ancient timepiece. On the west there is a grain measure suggesting that the emperor was just and equitable.
In the front and on each flank ,there is a pair of gilt bronze vats (caldrons ) molded during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty .Each of these weights 2 tons and is filled with water as a precaution in the event of a fire .The structure in the very middle is the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,also known as the throne hall. It is 64 meters in width and is 38 meters from entrance to rear. With terrace exclusive ,the hall is 26.92 meters in height and is 35.03 meters in all .Covering and areaof 2,377 square meters, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is China` s largest exiting wooden structure. The hall is supported by 6 thick ,round pillars carved in a design of coiling dragons. As the holiest place in the hall, the ceiling and colored patterns were made of the finest material available at that time. The throne was placed on a
terrace and is flanked by statues of elephants, Luduan (a unicorn which could travel 18,000 kilometers a day and understand all languages), cranes and incense barrels .Over the throne there is the caisson ,or covered ceiling ,which consists of a coiling dragon playing with a ball in its mouth .This ball is known as Xuanyuan Mirror ,and was supposedly made by a Chinese emperor of remote times to serve as a reminder that thee rulers to follow were his hereditary heirs. The throne is made of nanmu and painted in gold .Magnificently built and luxuriously decorated ,this hall did not serve as a place in which the emperor attended to daily affairs. He used his hall for major events such as his birthday, conferral of title of empress or dispatch of generals to war.
Behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony ,there sits the Hall of Complete Harmony. This structure is square in shape .Each side is 24.15 meters. This was the place where the emperor relaxed and greeted his courtiers before proceeding to the hall of supreme Harmony to observe rites. This was also the place where the emperor prepared prayers or examined seeds and sowers before he attended ancestral sacrifices or participated in snowing ceremonies. A grand ceremony was also held here once every 10 years for the emperor to genealogize the royal blood. There are two sedan chairs on display in the hall. Behind the Hall of Complete Harmony ,you will see the Hall of Preserving Harmony, which was used as a place where imperial examinations were held. The imperial examination was the hignest level of competing for meritorious appointment under the feudal system dating back to the Sui Dynasty. China` s last imperial examination was held in 1904 during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. To the rear of hall there is a marble ramp carved with cloud and dragon designs, the largest of its kind in the whole country . It is 16.57 meters in length, 3.07 meters in width, 1.7 meters thick and weighs 250 tons. It was quarried in Fangshan County in suburban Beijing. To bring this giant piece of stone to Beijing people poured water onto the road and applied rolling blocks during the process.
We are now standing before the square of the Hall of Heaven Purity. It served as a divide separating the forecourt from the inner court .This building is known as the Gate of Heavenly Purity. Emperor Qianlong held court here. Proceeding further north ,you can find three main rear halls ,i.e. the hall of heavenly purity. the Hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility. The hall of heavenly purity if flanked on either side by two gates named after the sun and moon .Inside the enclosure there are 12 palaces and halls symbolizing constellations. All of the other buildings are centered around the Palace of Heavenly Purity , which was meant to suggest that the monarch` s power was endowed by Heaven. The empress and concubines lived in the inner court.
The hall of heavenly purity was where the emperor lived and attended to daily affairs. Later the emperor moved to live in the Palace of Mental cultivation. Looking up you can see a plaque bearing the Chinese inscription “be open and above-board,” a manifesto to court struggle .Behind the plaque a strongbox was stored containing a will bearing the name of the would –be royal successor. This approach of secretly selecting the next emperor was adopted by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty. Two copies of the will were prepared .One was stashed by the emperor in person ,the other was placed inside the strong box behind the plaque. After the death of the emperor, the two copies would be compared and successor would be announced. It was in this way that Emperor Qianglong and others have ascended the throne.
Behind the Hall of heavenly purity you will see the hall of union and peace , which is indentical to the hall of complete harmony. It was there that the emperor received congratulations and tributes from imperial officials on major calender occasions , A total of 25 imperial seals are stored there. In the hall, you will see a plaque with the handwritten inscription of “we wei,” exhorting Taoist doctrines.
Further northward is the Palace of Earthly Tranquillity, which once served as the living room of the empresses` . The hall was later converted into a sacrificial place .Through the windowpanes on the eastern wall you can see the royal bed decorated with dragon and phoenix designs. This hall has also served as the bridal chamber of monarchs.
The Gate of Earthly Tranquilliity leads to the Imperial garden (known to westerners as Qianlong` s Garden ),which was used by the emperor ,the empress, and the concubines. A magnificent structure stands in the middle. It is called the Qin `s an (Imperial Peace) Hall. It is the only building in the Palace Museum that was built in Taoist style. It served as a shrine to the Taoist deity. The garden covers a space of 12,000 square meters ,and is 130 meters from east to the west and some 90 meters from north to the south. There are a dozen halls, verandahs, pavilions and waterside houses in the garden . On each of the fur corner there is a pavilion dedicated to the four seasons which is different in construction style and shape. The garden also features an imperial landscape. With rare trees and exotic rockery, the Imperial Garden served as a model for China` s imperial parks .In all ,a total of 10-strong building styles were applied.
The tall building we are now passing is the gate of military prowess, the back door of the Palace Museum. Our visit is now drawing to a conclusion but the architectures of the Palace are not . On the other side of the
篇二：北京故宮博物館中英導游詞
北京故宮博物館導游詞
（故宮午門(mén)前）
女士們、先生們：
今天有幸陪同大家一道參觀(guān)，我感到很高興。這里就是世界聞名的故宮博物館，一般大家都簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)它為故宮，清朝末代皇帝愛(ài)新覺(jué)羅.溥儀被迫宣告退位上溯至1420年明朝第三代永樂(lè )皇帝朱棣遷都于此，先后有明朝的14位，清朝的10位，共24位皇帝在這座金碧輝煌的宮城里統治中國長(cháng)達五個(gè)世紀之久。帝王之家，自然規模宏大，氣勢磅礴，時(shí)至今日這里不僅在中國，在世界上也是規模最大，保存最完整的古代皇家宮殿建筑群。由于這座宮城集中體現了我國古代建筑藝術(shù)的優(yōu)秀傳統和獨特風(fēng)格，所以在建筑史上具有十分重要的地位，是建筑藝術(shù)的經(jīng)典之作，1987年已被聯(lián)合國教科文組織評定為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。
故宮又稱(chēng)紫禁城，究其由來(lái)，是由天文學(xué)說(shuō)和民間傳說(shuō)相互交融而形成的。中國古代天文學(xué)家將天上所有的星宿分為三垣、二十八宿、三十一天區。其中的三垣是指太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。紫微垣在三垣的中央，正符合“紫微居中”的說(shuō)法。因此，古人認為紫外線(xiàn)微垣是天帝之座，故被稱(chēng)為紫宮?；实凼翘斓壑?、人間至尊，因此他們也要模仿天帝，在自己宮殿的名字上冠其紫字，以表現其位居中央，環(huán)視天下的帝王氣概。還有一個(gè)說(shuō)法就是指“紫氣東來(lái)”。傳說(shuō)老子出函谷關(guān)，關(guān)令尹喜見(jiàn)有紫氣從東來(lái)，知道將有圣人過(guò)關(guān)。果然老子騎了青牛前來(lái)，喜便請他寫(xiě)下了《道德經(jīng)》。后人因此以“紫氣東來(lái)”表示祥瑞。帝王之家當然希望出祥瑞天象，那么用“紫”字來(lái)命名也就順理成章了?！敖弊值囊馑季捅容^明顯了，那就是皇宮禁地，戒備森嚴，萬(wàn)民莫近。此話(huà)決無(wú)半個(gè)虛字，在1924年末代皇帝被逐出宮后這里正式開(kāi)放以前平民百姓別想踏近半步，大家可以想像紫禁城過(guò)去是多么崇高威嚴，神圣不可侵犯??！
紫禁城建在北京，是有其歷史的，也因為這里是一塊風(fēng)水寶地，說(shuō)起來(lái)話(huà)長(cháng)。故宮從明永樂(lè )四年（1406）開(kāi)始修建，用了14年的時(shí)間才基本建成，到今天已有570多年的歷史。大家看到了，故宮是一級紅墻黃瓦的建筑群，為什么這樣呢？據道家陰陽(yáng)五行學(xué)說(shuō)認為，五行包括金，木，水，火，土，其中土占中央方位，因為華夏民族世代生息在黃土高原上，所以對黃色就產(chǎn)生了一種崇仰和依戀的感情，于是從唐朝起，黃色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不得在服飾和建筑上使用。而紅色，則寓意著(zhù)美滿(mǎn)，吉祥和富貴，正由于這些原因，故宮建筑的基本色調便采用了紅，黃兩種顏色。
故宮占地72萬(wàn)多平方米，有宮殿樓閣9900多間，建筑面積約15萬(wàn)平方米。四周有高9.9米，號稱(chēng)10米的城墻，墻外一周是52米寬的護城河，俗稱(chēng)筒子河。城南北長(cháng)約960米，東西寬約760米，城上四角各有一座結構奇異，和諧美觀(guān)的角樓，呈八角形，人稱(chēng)九梁十八柱，七十二條脊。城四周各設一門(mén)，南面的正門(mén)是午門(mén)，北門(mén)叫神武門(mén)，東門(mén)叫東華門(mén)，西門(mén)叫西華門(mén)。故宮在施工中共征集了全國著(zhù)名的工匠23萬(wàn)，民夫100萬(wàn)人。所用的建筑材料來(lái)自全國各地。比如漢白玉石料來(lái)自北京房山縣，五色虎皮石來(lái)自河北薊縣的盤(pán)山，花崗石采自河北曲陽(yáng)縣。宮殿內墁地的方磚，燒制在蘇州，砌墻用磚是山東臨清燒的。宮殿墻壁上所用的紅色，原料產(chǎn)自山東宣化（今高青縣）的煙筒山。木料則主要來(lái)自湖廣，江西，山西等省。由此也可以看出當時(shí)工程之浩大。
我們眼前的建筑叫午門(mén)。午門(mén)是紫禁城的正門(mén)，俗稱(chēng)五鳳樓。明代，每年正月十五，午門(mén)都要懸燈賜食百官。到了清代這種活動(dòng)就取消了。每年農歷十月初一，都要在這里舉行頒布次年年歷儀式，清代乾隆年間因避乾隆帝“弘歷”的名字，故將“頒歷”改稱(chēng)“頒朔”。清代，皇帝舉
行朝會(huì )或大祀，以及元旦，冬至，萬(wàn)壽，大婚等重大節日，都要在這里陳設鹵簿，儀仗。此外，國家凡有征戰凱旋時(shí)，皇帝在午門(mén)接受獻俘典禮，如果皇帝親征也從午門(mén)出駕。
關(guān)于“推出午門(mén)斬首”的說(shuō)法，可能是由于戲劇午臺上及野史小說(shuō)敷衍而來(lái)的。實(shí)際上是明代朝廷命官犯罪，有的在午門(mén)廷杖，當然嚴重的可能也有被當場(chǎng)打死的。
（進(jìn)午門(mén)后金水橋前）
現在我們已經(jīng)到了故宮里面，在正式游覽之前，我先介紹一下故宮的布局和參觀(guān)路線(xiàn)。故宮占地72萬(wàn)多平方米，在這樣大的面積上，集各種建筑手法，建造一組規模如此宏大的建筑群，不但沒(méi)有紛雜現象，反而給人以結構嚴謹，色彩輝煌和布局規整的感覺(jué)，最主要的手段是建造中突出了一條極為明顯的中軸紅，這條中軸線(xiàn)和整座北京城有機地結為一體，北從鐘樓，南至永定門(mén)，總長(cháng)度約8公里，皇家禁區苑內的部分約占三分之一。宮內重要建筑都在這條中軸線(xiàn)上，其它建筑分東西對稱(chēng)分布。整個(gè)宮殿的設計和布局都表現了封建君主的“尊嚴”和對封建等級制度的森嚴。
故宮分外朝內廷?，F在我們在外朝的最南端正，前面是太和門(mén)。門(mén)前有一對青銅獅子，威嚴，兇悍，成了門(mén)前橋頭的守衛者，象征著(zhù)權力與尊嚴?；实圪F為天子，門(mén)前的獅子自然最精美，最高大了。東邊立的為雄獅，前爪下有一只幼獅，象征皇權永存，千秋萬(wàn)代。我們眼前的這條小河，叫金水河，起裝飾和防水之用。河上五座橋象征孔子所提倡的五德：仁、義、禮、智、信。整條河外觀(guān)象支弓，中軸線(xiàn)就是箭，這表明皇帝受命于天，代天帝治理國家。
（在太和門(mén)前）
故宮建筑分為“外朝”與“內廷”兩大部分。由午門(mén)到乾清門(mén)之間的部分分為“外朝”，以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，東西兩側有文華、武英兩組宮殿，左右對稱(chēng)，形成“外朝”雄偉壯觀(guān)的格局。三大殿前后排列在同一個(gè)龐大的“工”字型漢白玉石殿基上，殿基高8米，分為三層，每層有漢白玉石刻欄桿圍繞，三臺中有三層石雕“御路”。太和殿俗稱(chēng)金鑾殿，是故宮最高大的一座建筑物，也是國內最高大、最壯麗的古代木結構建筑。乾清門(mén)以?xún)葹椤皟韧ⅰ?，建筑布局也是左右對稱(chēng)。中部為乾清宮，交泰殿、坤寧宮，是封建皇帝居住和處理日常政務(wù)的地方。兩側的東、西六宮是嬪妃的住所，東、西一所是皇子的住所?！皟韧ⅰ边€有為皇家游玩的三處花園——御花園、慈寧花園、乾隆花園。內金水河沿“內廷”西邊蜿蜒繞過(guò)英武殿、太和門(mén)、文華殿流出宮外，河上有白玉石橋，沿河兩岸有曲折多姿的白玉雕欄桿，形似玉帶。故宮建筑絕大部分以黃琉璃瓦為頂，在陽(yáng)光下金碧輝煌，莊嚴美觀(guān)。
故宮中的建筑除了突出中軸線(xiàn)外，還用了各種手法，使宮城中各組建筑獨具特色。比如殿基的處理，殿頂的形式，吻獸和垂脊獸的數目，彩繪圖案的規制等等。這樣，不僅使主要建筑更顯得高大，壯觀(guān)，而且還表現了宮中建筑的等級差別。民間傳說(shuō)故宮有房9999間半，說(shuō)天上的皇宮一共有房10000間，地上的皇帝自稱(chēng)“天子”，不敢與其同數，所以就少了半間。這半間房在哪兒呢？它指的便是文淵閣西頭那一小間。實(shí)際上紫禁城有房9000余間，所謂的這半間是根本不存在的。文淵閣西頭一間，面積雖小，僅能容納一個(gè)樓梯，但它仍是一整間。文淵閣樓下是藏我國第一部《四庫全書(shū)》的地方，為了照顧布局上的美觀(guān)，所以把西頭一間建造的格外小。
（經(jīng)過(guò)太和門(mén)之后）
女士們、先生們，前面的大殿叫太和殿，俗稱(chēng)金鑾殿，是故宮內最大宮殿。建筑面積2377平方米，重檐廡殿頂，是殿宇中最高等級，為外朝三大殿中最大的一座。太和殿建在三層重疊的“工”字型須彌座上，由漢白玉雕成，離地8余米，下層臺階21級，中，上層各9級。
太和殿始建于公元1406年，經(jīng)歷了三次火災和一次兵燹的毀壞，現在大家看到的是清朝建的。四個(gè)屋檐上各有一排動(dòng)物，原來(lái)是釘子，用來(lái)固定瓦片用的，后來(lái)?yè)Q成了神話(huà)傳說(shuō)中的
動(dòng)物，據說(shuō)可以辟邪，而且數量越多，表明建筑越重要。太和殿上有9個(gè)，9是陽(yáng)之極數，依次為7、5、3、1，平民百姓家是不允許有這種裝飾的。
明清兩朝曾有24個(gè)皇帝在此登基，宣布即位詔書(shū)。元旦、冬至、皇帝生日、冊立皇后、頒布法令、政令、派將出征、金殿傳臚以及賜安等等，皇帝都要在這里舉行儀式，接受文武百官朝賀。
這個(gè)廣場(chǎng)是太和殿廣場(chǎng)，面積達3萬(wàn)平方米。整個(gè)廣場(chǎng)無(wú)一草一木，空曠寧靜，給人以森嚴肅穆的感覺(jué)。正中為御路，左右地面鋪的磚橫七豎八，共15層，以防有人挖地道進(jìn)入皇宮。周?chē)幸恍┐蟾?，是做什么用的呢？在故宮里一共有308個(gè)大缸，是用來(lái)儲水防炎的，缸下可燒炭加溫，防止冬天缸水結冰。為什么要建這么大的廣場(chǎng)呢·那是是為了讓人們感覺(jué)到太和殿的雄偉壯觀(guān)。站在下面向前望去：藍天之下，黃瓦生輝。層層石臺，如同白云，加上香煙繚繞，整個(gè)太和殿好像天上仙境一樣。舉行大典時(shí)，殿內的琺瑯仙鶴盤(pán)上點(diǎn)上蠟燭，香亭、香爐燒檀香，露臺上的銅爐、龜、鶴燃松柏枝，殿前兩側香煙繚繞，全場(chǎng)鴉雀無(wú)聲?；实鄣巧蠈氉鶗r(shí)，鼓樂(lè )齊鳴，文武大臣按呂級跪伏在廣場(chǎng)，仰望著(zhù)云中樓閣山呼萬(wàn)歲，以顯示皇帝無(wú)上權威與尊嚴。
清朝末代皇帝溥儀1908年底登基時(shí)，年僅3歲，由他父親攝政王載灃把他抱扶到寶座上。當大典開(kāi)始時(shí)差，突然鼓樂(lè )齊鳴，嚇得小皇帝哭鬧不止，嚷著(zhù)要回家去。載灃急得滿(mǎn)頭大汗，只好哄著(zhù)小皇帝說(shuō)：“別哭，別哭，快完了，快完了！”大臣們認為此話(huà)不吉祥，說(shuō)來(lái)也巧，3年后清朝果真就滅亡了，從而結束了我國2000多年的封建統治。
（在太和殿的石臺上）
這是銅香爐，，是皇帝舉行典禮時(shí)焚燒檀香用的。這里一共有18座，代表清朝18個(gè)省。殿外左右安放四個(gè)銅缸，象征”金甌無(wú)缺“，作為貯水防火之用。臺基東西兩側各有一只銅制仙鶴和龜，是長(cháng)壽的象征。這個(gè)由鉛鑄造成的器具叫嘉量，嘉量是當時(shí)量的標準器，表示皇帝公平處事，誰(shuí)半斤,誰(shuí)八兩，心中自然有數。對面還有一個(gè)石頭做成的器具叫做日晷，是古代的測時(shí)儀?；实鄣囊馑际牵毫亢蜁r(shí)的基準都在自己手里。
太和殿正面有12根圓紅柱，東西約63米，南北進(jìn)深約37米，高35米，殿前丹陛三層五出，殿前后有金扉40個(gè)，金鎖窗16個(gè)，整個(gè)大殿雕梁畫(huà)棟，豪華富麗。殿內中央設有2米高的平臺，上面擺放著(zhù)雕有9條金龍的楠木寶座。后面有金漆圍屏，前面有御案，左右有對稱(chēng)的寶象、角端、仙鶴、香筒等陳列品。象馱寶瓶，內裝五谷，象征太平景象、五谷豐登。角端是我國古代神話(huà)傳說(shuō)中的一種神獸，可“日行一萬(wàn)八千里”，通曉四方語(yǔ)言，只有明君，它才捧書(shū)而至，護駕身旁。
太和殿也叫金鑾殿，為什么這么叫呢？因殿內為金磚墁地而得名。金磚墁地平整如鏡，光滑細膩，像是灑了一層水，發(fā)著(zhù)幽暗的光。那么金磚真的含金嗎？其實(shí)這是一種用特殊方法燒制的磚，工藝考究，復雜，專(zhuān)為皇宮而制，敲起來(lái)有金石之聲，所以稱(chēng)作“金磚”。燒這種磚，每一塊相當于一石大米的價(jià)錢(qián)，可見(jiàn)金磚雖不含金，但也確實(shí)貴重。
殿內共有72根大主柱，支撐其全部重量，其中6根雕龍金柱，瀝粉貼金，圍繞著(zhù)寶座周?chē)?。在殿中央有一藻井，是從古代“天井”和“天窗”形式演變面?lái)，為中國古代建筑的特色之一。主要設置在“尊貴”的建筑物上，有“神圣”之意。在藻井中央部位，有一浮雕蟠龍，口銜一球（球為銅胎中空，外涂水銀），此球叫軒轅鏡，傳說(shuō)是遠古時(shí)代軒轅黃帝制造的，懸球與藻井蟠龍聯(lián)在起，構成游龍戲珠的形式，懸于帝王寶座上方，以示中國歷代皇帝都是軒轅的子孫，是黃帝正統繼承者。它使殿堂富麗堂皇，雍容華貴。鏡下正好對著(zhù)寶座，據說(shuō)是袁世凱怕大球掉下來(lái)把他砸死，故將寶座向后挪到現在的位置。關(guān)于龍椅，這里面有段故事。1916年（民國五年）袁世凱登基時(shí)，把原來(lái)的寶座搬走了，換了一把西式高背大椅，上飾他自己
設計的帝國徽號。據說(shuō)他的腿短，因而將椅座降低。新中國成立后，為了尋找那把龍椅，根據過(guò)去的一張照片，在破家具庫找到了一把破椅，經(jīng)專(zhuān)家鑒定，這椅子就是皇帝寶座，后經(jīng)修復展出。
（帶客人至太和殿東或西側銅缸處）
古人把陳設在殿堂皇屋宇前的大缸，稱(chēng)為“門(mén)?！?，門(mén)海者，蓋“門(mén)前大?！敝?，古人相信，門(mén)前有大海，就不怕鬧火災。因此，大缸又稱(chēng)為吉祥缸。它既是陳設品，又是消防器材。在科學(xué)不民達的古代，宮中沒(méi)有自來(lái)水，更沒(méi)有消防器材。因此，缸內必須長(cháng)年儲滿(mǎn)水以備不虞。
清代時(shí)，共有308口大缸，按其質(zhì)量分類(lèi)三種，即鎏金銅缸、燒古銅缸和鐵缸，其中最珍貴的是鎏金銅缸。然而這些鎏金銅缸沒(méi)有逃脫侵略者刺刀刮體的厄運。侵略者是誰(shuí)？是英、美、德、法、俄、日、意、奧八國聯(lián)軍。為了鎮壓中國人民反帝的義和團運動(dòng)，1900年的8月13日至8月15日，八國聯(lián)軍攻陷北京，進(jìn)占紫禁城。救死扶傷和軍官們燒、殺、搶、掠，從宮中及頤和園等處動(dòng)掠奪的文物在各侵略國使館區堆積如山，至今仍有大量文物被倫敦、巴黎、紐約博物館攫為已有。這一切包括眼前這口缸上的道道刮痕都已成為帝國主義侵略中國的鐵證。是偽統治時(shí)期，大缸被拉出宮門(mén)，裝上日本侵略軍的卡車(chē)，用去制作子彈，再反過(guò)來(lái)屠殺我國人民。
（中和殿前）
眼前這個(gè)方形建筑是中和殿?；实叟e行大典前，先到此暫坐休息，會(huì )見(jiàn)一些官員?；实廴ヌ?、地、日、月四壇祭祀時(shí)，前一天也要在中和殿里看祭文。每年二月皇帝到先家壇舉行親耕儀式，前一天要來(lái)這里閱視種子、農具、祝文。這里現在陳列的是乾隆年間的兩面三刀頂肩輿，即八抬大轎
城角
故宮的四個(gè)城角，每一個(gè)角上有一座九梁十八柱七十二條脊的角樓，建造的可好看了。這四座角摟是怎么蓋的呢？北京有這么個(gè)傳說(shuō)——
明朝的燕王朱隸在南京做了永樂(lè )皇帝以后，因為北京是他做王爺時(shí)候的老地方，就想遷都北京，于是就派了親信大臣到北京蓋皇官。朱隸告訴這個(gè)大臣：要在皇宮外墻——紫禁城的四個(gè)犄角上，蓋四座樣子特別美麗的角樓，每座角樓要有九梁十八柱、七十二條脊。并且說(shuō)：“你就做這個(gè)管工大臣吧，如果修蓋的不好是要殺頭的！”管工大臣領(lǐng)了皇帝的諭旨后，心里非常發(fā)愁，不知如何蓋這九梁十八柱、七十二條脊的角樓。
管工大臣到了北京以后，就把八十一家大包工木廠(chǎng)的工頭、木匠們都叫來(lái)，跟他們說(shuō)了皇帝的旨意，限期三個(gè)月，叫他們一定要按期蓋成這四座怪樣子的角樓，并且說(shuō)：“如果蓋不成，皇帝自然要殺我的頭，可是在沒(méi)殺我的頭之前，我就先把你們的頭砍了，所以當心你們的腦袋?！惫ゎ^和木匠們對這樣的工程都沒(méi)把握，只好常常在一塊琢磨法子。
三個(gè)月的期限是很短的，一轉眼就是一個(gè)月了，工頭和木匠們還沒(méi)想出一點(diǎn)頭緒、一點(diǎn)辦法來(lái)，他們做了許多樣型，都不合適。這時(shí)候，正趕上六七月的三伏天氣，熱得人都喘不上氣來(lái)，加上心里煩悶，工頭和木匠們真是坐也不合適，躺也不合適。有這么一位木匠師傅，實(shí)在呆不住了，就上大街閑遛去了。
走著(zhù)走著(zhù)，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)老遠傳來(lái)一片蟈蟈的吵叫聲，接著(zhù)、又聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一聲吆喝：“買(mǎi)蟈蟈，聽(tīng)叫去，睡不著(zhù)，解悶兒去！”走近一看，是一個(gè)老頭兒挑著(zhù)許多大大小小秫秸編的蟈蟈籠子，在沿街叫賣(mài)。其中有一個(gè)細秫秸棍插的蟈蟈籠子，精巧得跟畫(huà)里的一座樓閣一樣，里頭裝著(zhù)幾只蟈蟈，木匠師傅想：反正是煩心的事，該死的活不了，買(mǎi)個(gè)好看的籠子，看著(zhù)也有趣兒，于是就買(mǎi)下了。
這個(gè)木匠提著(zhù)蟈蟈籠子，回到了工地。大伙兒一看就吵嚷起來(lái)了：“人們都心里怪煩的，你怎么買(mǎi)一籠子蟈蟈來(lái)，成心吵人是怎么著(zhù)？”木匠笑著(zhù)說(shuō)：“大家睡不著(zhù)解個(gè)悶兒吧，你們瞧……”他原想說(shuō)你們瞧這個(gè)籠子多么好看呀！可是他還沒(méi)說(shuō)出嘴來(lái)，就覺(jué)得這籠子有點(diǎn)特別。他急忙擺著(zhù)手說(shuō)：“你們先別吵吵嚷嚷的，讓我數數再說(shuō)?！八严X蟈籠子的梁啊、柱啊、脊呀細細地數了一遍又一遍，大伙被他這一數，也吸引得留了神，靜靜地直著(zhù)眼睛看著(zhù)，一點(diǎn)聲音也沒(méi)有。
木匠數完了蟈蟈籠子，蹦起來(lái)一拍大腿說(shuō)：“這不正是九梁十八柱七十二條脊么？”大伙一聽(tīng)都高興了，這個(gè)接過(guò)籠子數數，那個(gè)也接過(guò)籠子數數，都說(shuō)：“真是九梁十八柱、七十二條脊的樓閣啊，”
大伙兒受這個(gè)籠子的啟發(fā)，琢磨出了紫禁城角樓的樣子，燙出紙漿做出樣型，最后修成了到現在還存在的角摟。
Hello, everyone,
We are now going to pay a visit to a place of special interest. This scenic spot is located at the center of Beijing and is characterized by thousands of palatial architectures and purple walls as well as yellow glazed tile roofs- it is simply a sea of palaces. This is the world – famous wonder – the Palace Museum.
The Palace Museum has served as the royal residence during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was here that a total of 24 monarchs ascended the throne and wielded power for some 500 years. The Palace Museum, as the most beautiful spot of interest throughout Beijing, is unique for its location: to the northwest is Beihai(North Sea) Park, famous for its white pagoda and rippling lake; to the west is the Zhongnahai (central and south sea); to the east lies the the Wangfujing Shopping Street; and to the north id Jinshan Park. Standing in the Wanchun (Everlasting Spring) Pavilion at the top of Jingshan(Charcoal Hill) Park, you overlook the skyline of the palace Museum. At the southern end of the palace is Tian` anmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) and the famous square named after it . This is the symbol of the People` s Republic of China.
A world-famous historical site, the Palace Museum is on the World Heritage List of UNESCO and is an embodiment of oriental civilization.
The Palace Museum is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, covering a space of 720,000 square meters of which 150,000 is building area . It has 9000-strong rooms in it . According to legend there are 9999.5 room-units in all .The whole compound is enclosed by a 10-meter-hign wall and is accessed through four entrances, namely, the meridian Gate in the south ,the Gate of Military Prowess in the north, Donghua(Eastern Flowery ) Gate in the north, Donghua ( Eastern Flowery) Gate in the east and Xihua(Western Flowery ) Gate in the west. On each corner there is a turret consisted of 9 roof beams, 18 pillars and 72 ridge . Encircling the compound there is a 3,800-meter-long and 52 meter-wide moat, making the Palace Museum a self-defensive city-within-a city.
The Palace Museum was made a center of rule during the Ming Dynasty by Zhun Di, The fourth son of the founding emperor Zhuyuanzhang. The whole complex straddles on an 8-kilometers-long central axis that stretches from Yongding (Forever Stable) Gate in the south to Gulou (Drum Tower) in the north. Prominence was given to the royal power by putting the “three main front halls” and “three back halls ”on the axis while arrange other subsidiary structure around them .The construction of the Palace Museum involved
篇三：英語(yǔ)導游詞北京故宮
北京故宮
女士們、先生們，
歡迎大家來(lái)到北京，北京是中國的首都，也是我國的四大古都之一。2008年奧運會(huì )的成功舉辦更使這座古老的城市為許多外國朋友所熟知。大家稍作休息，請允許我自我介紹一下。我是大家北京之行的地接導游員我的名字叫溫輝輝，那在我身邊的這位是我們的司機張師傅。我們將會(huì )竭盡全力為大家提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。像我一樣熱情好客的北京人將以他們最熱情的方式歡迎世界各地發(fā)朋友來(lái)到北京。在北京期間我們將游覽故宮、長(cháng)城、頤和園等景點(diǎn)。希望古老而又時(shí)尚的北京會(huì )給大家留下一段美好的回憶。
在北京我們游覽的第一個(gè)景點(diǎn)就是故宮。提起故宮大家首先會(huì )想到它是中國皇帝居住過(guò)的地方。
但故宮的價(jià)值可不僅僅在于此。它更是我們中國歷史、中國文化以及中國建筑的一個(gè)縮影。
故宮位于北京城的中心，是明清兩朝的皇宮。它是世界上顯存最大、最完整的宮殿建筑群。至今約有六百年的歷史，先后有24位皇帝在這里統治全國近500年。故宮又名紫禁城，那是因為在封建社會(huì )皇帝擁有最高的權利因此這個(gè)地方是禁止一般人進(jìn)出。紫色是象征這北極星的顏色，這被認為是宇宙的中心 所以又名紫禁城。
紫禁城的建筑布局是對稱(chēng)的分為前朝和內廷。前朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿為主體是舉行大殿、朝賀、筵宴行使權力的地方。其中太和殿是故宮中規模最大等級最高的建筑?；实鄣腔皟粤⒒屎蟮戎卮髢x式都在此舉行。內廷以乾清宮、交太殿和坤寧宮為主體，是皇帝的寢宮和處理日常政務(wù)的地方。坤寧宮以北是御花園，是皇帝及其家人
游玩的地方。
現在我要問(wèn)大家一個(gè)問(wèn)題，故宮的房間是九千九百九十九間半嗎? 傳說(shuō)天宮的房間是一萬(wàn)間，人間的皇帝作為天帝的兒子，皇宮自然不能超過(guò)天宮，于是故宮便造了九千九百九十九間半。其實(shí)古代建筑是以“四柱一間”為標準的。經(jīng)過(guò)古建筑專(zhuān)家實(shí)地調查統計，故宮所有的房間數量是8707，并非傳說(shuō)所言。
俗話(huà)說(shuō)百聞不如一見(jiàn)，帶著(zhù)您滿(mǎn)心的好奇讓我們走進(jìn)故宮，讓我們感悟中國文化感受中國帝王的興衰歷史。
